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Scholarly Projects
Public Health, Prevention, Population Health and Policy (P4)
Competencies
Students in the P4 concentration will achieve a set of defined basic and advanced competencies related to public health, prevention, population health and policy.
Basic Competencies
Public Health:
- Describe the differences between medicine and public health.
- Describe how the built and natural environments affect the health of individuals and communities.
- Discuss how gender, race, socioeconomics, environmental factors and geography contribute to health disparities.
- Explain the public health method and the importance of epidemiology in defining problems.
- Describe the role of major public health advances in improving the health of the public and the magnitude of the improvements.
- Explain the roles and powers of federal, state and local public health agencies.
- Describe the appropriate use of pubic health legal powers such as isolation and quarantine.
- List the array of interventions available to improve the health of the public.
- Discuss the tension between individual rights and public protection and how we resolve these issues in the U.S.
- Describe the roles and responsibilities of physicians in the public health system.
- Define the responsibilities of physicians related to disease reporting and interacting with public health departments.
- List, define, and interpret the most common indicators used in epidemiology to measure population health status.
- List the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the U.S.
- Demonstrate how to correctly fill out a death certificate.
- Describe the basic principles of office and hospital infection control practices.
- Discuss how physicians relate to the public health system in community disasters and emergencies.
- Discuss how physicians can most effectively volunteer to respond to large scale disasters.
Preventive Medicine:
- Define primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and provide examples of each.
- Describe a systematic approach to individualized prevention in a clinical setting that includes: assessing risk; applying risk reduction interventions such as counseling for lifestyle and behavior change; prescribing chemoprophylaxis; recommending effective screening tests and interpreting the results; and providing recommended immunizations.
- Counsel a patient on diet, physical activity, lifestyle risk reduction, and recommended screening tests and immunizations.
- Demonstrate how to locate and interpret evidence-based prevention recommendations.
- Define and calculate sensitivity, specificity and predictive values and use these to interpret test results.
- Describe how office systems can improve performance of recommended prevention recommendations.
- List community resources available to assist patients with food, housing, and other socioeconomic and psychosocial needs.
- Describe where information can be located on suspected environmental hazards.
Health Systems:
- Discuss how health care is financed in the U.S. and how this compares to other countries.
- Explain how medical errors can be prevented.
- Describe how to design a quality improvement program.
- Discuss how health services are organized and administered.
- Describe the agency responsible for professional licensing and the difference between licensing, specialty certification, and credentialing.
- Discuss how the medical liability system functions and how a physician can minimize their liability risk.
- Describe how the state AHCCCS system is organized and what the income eligibility levels are for participation.
- Describe how the Medicare system is administered and who is eligible for services.
Evidence-Based Medicine:
- Define evidence-based medicine.
- Describe evidence-based methodology.
- List the types of evidence and their relative strengths.
- Find and interpret evidence-based recommendations.
- Read and interpret medical articles and discuss potential sources of bias.
Health Policy:
- Describe the role of professional and public advocacy groups in the legislative process.
- Discuss how health care laws are made and implemented.
- Describe how health policy is formulated and implemented.
Advanced Competencies
Public Health
- List and describe federal and state agencies, other than public health departments, that perform public health functions.
- List and describe the functions of the major agencies in the U.S. Public Health Service.
- Analyze the epidemiology of a public health problem using epidemiological methods, biostatistics and community assessment methods.
- Choose a study design based on the question asked and information available.
- List and control for possible sources of bias in analyses.
- Choose from an array of public health interventions those that have the best chance of success in specific situations.
- Design an intervention to address a specific community public health problem.
- Assess the impact of a public health intervention.
- Demonstrate how to conduct a community needs assessment.
- Examine the roles of physicians in large scale community disasters and contrast the types of responses needed for the most common types of disasters.
- Describe the array of public health careers available to physicians.
- Describe how public health controls the major infectious disease threats to communities.
- Describe how public health controls the major chronic disease threats to communities.
- Describe how public health controls the major environmental threats to communities.
Preventive Medicine
- Evaluate the costs and benefits of prevention interventions.
- Communicate the risk of adverse effects of environmental exposures compared to other health risks.
- Construct an evidence-based clinical prevention guideline.
Health Systems
- Discuss problems with the medical liability system and list and describe proposals for reform.
- Describe the number of uninsured and discuss the reasons for this persistent problem.
Evidence-Based Medicine
- List the types and strengths of medical evidence and demonstrate how these should influence evidence-based recommendations.
- Conduct an evidence-based analysis of a proposed intervention.
Health Policy
- Formulate potential policy solutions to a defined problem using the public health literature and experiences of others, describe potential stakeholders and list potential unanticipated consequences.
- Describe the legislative and administrative processes needed to implement a policy option.
- Describe proposals to address the problem of the ininsurered.
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